Concrete history 2
Zakinchennya.Narodzhennya concrete Parisian gardener Joseph Monier (1823-1906) was concerned about brevity flower pots, use them for their plants. Instead of ordinary wood he decided to use concrete. But it turned out that the concrete pots and did not meet the requirements: they ruynuvalysya influenced by roots of large plants. Monier was to strengthen concrete dizhi iron inserts, thereby increasing strength and stretching. Thus, Monier was the inventor of a new, extremely important in modern construction materials - concrete. From known, consists of concrete and iron liners - usually round rods. Concrete - is, in fact, nothing like artificial stone. As every stone, he has great strength and compressive strength for a small stretch. But in many Const ruktivnyh elements appear simultaneously two types of stress. Here is some help and iron, assuming for a stretching effort, thus increasing the strength element. Iron and concrete have approximately the same coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, the temperature does not affect the joint efforts of both materials. In 1867 Monier received the first patent for a "dizhi and tanks made of iron mesh covered with cement. In subsequent years, he received the following patents: in 1877 - on concrete railway sleepers in the 1880-83 biennium - the reinforced concrete floors, buildings, beams, construction of bridges and, in 1885 - on concrete water and gas pipes in in 1886 - the "new system of concrete mixing stationary and portable buildings, hygienic and economical. The first major facilities built on the Monier system, were reservoirs for water storage capacity of 250 m3. The first reinforced concrete bridge span 16 m and a width of 4 m roadway was built in 1875 Making jelly zobetona compatriot Leon Freysyne Monier Ionesco (1879-1962) was considered an expert of concrete structures. Freysyne vklykoprolitni built the first reinforced concrete bridges, including the most famous arched bridge trohprolitnyy Elorn in Pluhastel built in the 1928-1929 biennium Overflights of the largest in that time the bridge had a 180 m length. The famous engineer working on improving the material with which he deceived his original design. In 1917 he proposed to increase the capacity of the concrete, which carried by ramming his mechanical vibration, and then vibropressing. But the greatest achievement Freysyne invention should be considered pre-stressed concrete. In 1928 he proposed and carried out production of prefabricated strings-бетонных perednapruzhenyh elements.
