Decorative concrete quality: texture, materials and colors
Some concrete having good physical and mechanical parameters, it does not look very attractive. At the same time to obtain the decorative concrete must have at its disposal a good position with a concrete base chemical composition, as granules, prochnostnyh characteristics and others. The new generation superplasticizer also contribute to the transformation of the manufacturing process and expand the use arhitektonichnyh concrete, including due to the diversity of their appearance. Texturing and protection of concrete surfaces of concrete texturing techniques - from punching deep into thinner surface treatment - depends on the texture or type of material generated on the surface topography. Depending on the used methods can get different types of surfaces: from polished to a shine to the structure with pronounced parts of different thicknesses. Similar botky Obra River, especially in the case of oxidation and passivation, denudative sand particles or granules weaken the concrete and make it porystishym. It also promotes physical debris, as well as additional inconveniences: external action triggers microcracks on the surface of the concrete. Polishing opens pores of the concrete, not to mention mikrobulbashky that also require additional special processing of concrete surface. Therefore, concrete, and other materials to protect. The simplest method of protection is the application of transparent water-repellent coating. Of course, polishing and polishing contribute flowing water, but do not insure fully against pollution of the surface (this is clearly demonstrated and facade, made of float glass, polished steel, enameled or varnished materials). Punching used for assembly, and to cast concrete, including and if use of sophisticated production technologies, for example, that glides incase ki lift blocks for the airport in Nice. In the named case the final quality depends largely on raspalubochnoho oil, used for oil sliding formwork. Special matrix, often made of solid resin, with different pictures of textures. The production of precast concrete, stamped a number of rules: it is necessary to choose concrete, which is easily removed from the forms (to the specialist consultation) and on the other hand, drawing on the concrete surface should not promote the formation of "lips" at the trickling flow of water. "Frosty patterns on the front of skating rink in Montpellier (architects Chaix and Morel) were created a basic matrix of the forged sheet size 60x60 cm, then reproduce the convexity preserving random metal. For the most basic elements of the matrix (12h3 m) was performed with resins based on technology developed by AGP (Pieri). It should be noted that the catalog offers an extensive range of AGP matrices based on natural structures, such as Dr. zlichnyye woods, rocks, deformed metal. Output matrix allows different variations, thus each item could be unique. In the facade Cultural Center Nouvel Espace culturel (Rennes, architect Portzamparc) color inside the concrete form is not reproduced mechanically in all elements. Subject whimsical veins on huge granite monolith was relaxed use color close to natural tones. This effect is enhanced colored throughout the mass of black concrete tables on the facade. Do not underestimate the importance of original quality of the concrete choice of filler and mix concrete. In turn, superplasticizer, originating from a group karboksydov, developed Chryso and MBT have a real revolution in technology use, making possible the production of concrete BAP, which samoniveliruyuschyhsya and samoukladyvayuschyhsya. These innovations have led to a genuine revival of decorative concrete since the simple geometry and finishing surfaces with complicated units ampovannym pattern. Decorative Concrete is traditionally the most beautiful prefabricated concrete - a composite concrete, of which require excellent surface quality, whether the elements of urban improvement, railway sleepers, or the so-called arhitektonichni concrete. Prefabricated concrete made with very dense concrete types (ie with very low porosity), which hampers their reinforcement. In turn, a considerable percentage of rejected products, despite the vibrating machinery used in assembly plants. In addition, the vibration quickly cited in disqualification Sheathing forms and have very large negative effect in terms of both humanitarian and social. Extremely high sound level exceeding 110 dB, and thus makes impossible any verbal communication, including warning, is a factor increasing the number of accidents. He is the cause of occupational diseases. Especially harmful lasting effects of vibration, which is the source of a severe chronic occupational diseases of the neurological and cardiovascular origin ( "white finger disease" due to damage of capillary systems and so on). The second difficulty in the manufacture of precast concrete flows from the traditional processing of concrete Steaming. This method allows removing from the casing and to work with blanks for a few dozen hours. Superplasticizer type of ZES (Zero Energy System), which recently released to the world market Mbt-degussa, may, in turn, to turn the technology of production of precast concrete. The point is that they enable or eliminate vibration forms, or completely eliminate Steaming, or combine these two aspects, modulating the preparation and setting of concrete, depending on the type and geometric parameters of parts produced. And one of the defining parameters - the production process. In addition to undoubted technical and economic advantages, new technology helps Ulu chsheniyu conditions. It is interesting to note the fact that the acceleration terms of setting concrete allowed to organize some of precast concrete factories move to 35-hour week. Protection of concrete surfaces and their samoochyschayemost addition antyhraffiti processing, which should be the subject of a special independent recommendations protection of concrete surfaces from external aggression considered necessary. There is also a delicate problem with carbon dioxide, in detail discussed in the literature, which is not zachipayetsya. The best way to protect concrete surfaces from chemical attack (lehkoyisparyayuschyesya organic substances, industrial dust, microorganisms) and giving it a beautiful appearance is a protective coating of a special composition based on acrylic (clear or colored). Protective coating applied to all types of concrete, including and monolithic. Jean-pierre Aury, creator of blue polished concrete for the plant and by clearing and processing of water in Joinville-le-pont, insists that the concrete surface to protect both the aggressive actions of the environment and from man-made. Among the various facade materials that are studied in connection with surface properties to assist in purified, such as glass or paint, which producers seek to add a repellent effect ( "lotus effect"), the cement used in the manufacture of concrete that samoochyschayutsya develops its way . Manufacturers showcase their achievements in this direction, specific examples, but do not give comprehensive explanations. The first results of construction tests were published Holcim cement concern two years ago. Properties described concrete then explained the phenomenon of exclusion microorganisms. Today, concrete-based Holcim tsementov often referred to as being samoochyschayutsya. Art painting usually painted concrete, are based on white cement with one or kombinir Ulla next technique: adding cement zabarvlyuyuchyh mineral pigments (a rate of 5% to obtain a bright saturated colors) or use fillers that give concrete intense colors -- reddish, greenish and al. Colored concrete (though, as white) feels extremely solid material, it can be used as a facing material. Interesting from the standpoint of color in the range of Gaumont in Angers, which is constructed of precast concrete based on white cement. The main facade decided metaphorically in two major theatrical zanavesov. Composite elements are painted in bright red by adding the respective oxides. A small percentage of mica (10%, far below the permitted maximum) adds luster to the concrete surface textured by oxidation. Transparent protective coating protects the concrete surface from chemical attack and atmospheric action. In the colored concrete also use other materials such as gravel from the river or in a career. In Joinville-le-pont, concrete which were made according to the recommendations of the Jean-pierre Auzy, the base color was obtained with cobalt oxide (target 10 kg / m 3). Among the fillers found greenish-bluish Diorite, glass enamel, made master of mosaics Albertini. These concretes were subjected to numerous tests to verify their strength in the freeze-thawing cycles. Decorative concrete areas for improvement should be strong and keep the specified colors. Texturing technique to reproduce the look of natural stone, mosaic surface, marble slabs for pavements, paths, squares, courtyards at schools and kindergartens in various colors. Elena MIUSSKAYA (in the magazine L'architecture d'aujourd'hui)