The main result of six years of work - a typical episode
Report of the Chief Engineer NIEPHP Institute BELNIYIS " R. I. Vihdorchyka Experience designing and construction of buildings for different purposes based on frame-svyazevyh skeletons mVb-01, September 22 made it to the international scientific-technical conference "The multi-building monolithic and precast-monolithic frameworks. Passed more than 6 years after the former GOSSTROY the initiative of the Government of the Republic of Belarus Republic of scientific and technical program "Light House". Then 6 years ago, the institute "BELNIYIS" originated the idea of prefabricated monolithic frame a completely new design, which, according to the "Light House" was drawn to weapons specialists Institute Belproyekt "when designing their experimental 4-storey residential building, which now already built in Minsk neighborhood Olshanka-6. So long construction period - a result nerehulyarnosti its funding. As used zhiz not stand still during this period, the idea found full frame real contours, confirming their competitiveness and viability of the design and construction of buildings for different purposes. Each re-projected and one that is built using the frame system mVb-01 object shows the advantages of this framework in comparison with the known frame systems. Developed by the Institute BELNIYIS "prefabricated monolithic frame universal, is with those produced by Belarusian plants construction industry products, has a limited range of structures (columns and bahatopustotna plate) that are, easy to install. What are these objects? It houses various storeys in Gomel, Minsk, Novgorod, Odessa, Svetlogorsk, seven and two-story garage in Moscow, five-story parking garage, in Minsk, shestypoverhova administrative building of Gazprom in Moscow, five-storey hospital in Brest, two-storey shop in Minsk. This customer-investors whenever tempted to get a free lightweight and comfortable, the appointment of different space-planning decisions, which cost below the cost of traditional wall and frame systems. Experience in designing and constructing new buildings on the basis of prefabricated monolithic frame of mVb-01 gave additional impetus to further improve the space-planning and technical solutions to the carcass, which reduces its materialomistkist labor and its installation, as well as expanding its architectural features. The design and construction of a 4-storey apartment building in Novgorod was used eye frame 7,2 x7, 2 m, which allowed to perform all future planning wishes of tenants. (Recall that a house in Vilshantsi eye is 6.0 x6, 0 m). But the construction of 7-storey garage in Moscow at the invitation of specialists BELNIYIS and Gomel ASMT number 27 was changed compared to when used in building construction technology Vilshantsi mounting frame. For those that support the floor slabs to concrete bridges metalliches hah that navishuyutsya the columns, was applied the system of metal struts and wooden runs. This technology allowed the reception to make bolt of any length, nose to within 7.2 m. Since the role of equipment that supports, were wooden beams, step changes in length may in this case equal to at least 1 cm. Span svyazevoho CROSS-BAR can have any size, length ordainable bahatopustotnyh plates within 7.2 m. Ukorochennya bahatopustotnyh plates to any lengths in their manufacturing plant is also in order of appointment. For architects of interest to shift the columns horizontally in adjacent axes. This method was applied in the design of 6-storey administrative building, whose construction ASMT number 27 now performs in Moscow. At the request of the architect columns in neighboring axes were staggered manner. Design and construction of concrete buildings revealed a number of constructive solutions, improving the frame. We came to output that to a small height bolt, bearing, and no previous tension reinforcement in a building to save the last bolt to be done by 10 cm wider at the intersection of the column, which improves the conditions of reinforcement and concrete layout. Not changing technology mounting frame, in the design of garages to reduce costs, we increased the height of the valve bolt, that nose for 4-6 cm through vystupaniya last facet of the ceiling, interior garage that has no value. The aforementioned Novgorod same house at length flown bolt, which is equal to 7.2 m in height CROSS-BAR has been increased by 4 cm by increasing the thickness of the collection floor. In the long term, to significantly reduce the number of valves in the beam, which is that it does not have acted beyond the thickness of the floor, I would like to have bahatopustotni plate thickness of not less than 30 cm. (If you do not go out of use in building a previous tension). Pustotni plate thickness and which has long been available in Western countries. Unusual design features that the slabs based on header, based on the use shponok concrete (concrete that comes in a vacuum plates 10 cm in concrete CROSS-BAR), still causes some experts doubt the reliability of this construction, although the results of repeated tests site indicate the presence of triple load factor. In order to reassure that all doubt, we decided to use bahatopustotni releases reinforcing plates on the ends that zavodyatsya in monolithic beam bearing. Technologically, these issues do in perednapruzhenyh bahatopustotnyh plates with tension reinforcement of stops are not any hardship - it is at circumcision napruzhuvanoyi valves. Many conversations caused cracking in the lower shelves of some plates overlap in Vilshantsi building, whose construction zatyahnulosya for 5 years. With opening of defective seats turned out that emptiness plates were filled with ice, Kotor matched concrete and broke the lower shelves. Although the phenomenon is at dovhobudi nezridka observed both in brick and frame buildings in, there were attempts to explain the imperfection of his new structural system. To avoid such incidents in the future it was decided to include the manufacture of plates in each of emptiness hole diameter of 15 mm in the mid-span plate. Some time later we noticed with satisfaction the information that in Germany and Finland to manufacture bahatopustotnyh plates in the center of each cavity also perform holes to drain water. The experience of the first buildings in the frame mVb-01 showed a significant labor performance monolithic areas in overlapping vertical passes for utilities (primarily ventblokov). By analogy to frame a series of 1,020 we have to apply for admission Communications ribbed slabs precast industry that has mastered ASMT number 27. Start of production of JSC "Buildings" wall blocks for high-quality adhesive for laying depots caused changes in the appearance of a constructive solution poetazhno opirayemyh external walls of buildings, designed on the basis of mVb-01. Firstly, masonry walls, especially in residential buildings was performed with internal uriven hrannyu columns. Second, over the holes in the walls that have stopped apply concrete bridges, because they will not only need, but adverse impact on the thermal resistance of walls. Currently, Atlanta is reduced 9-storey residential building, designed by specialists of institutions "BELNIYIS" and "Homelhrazhdanproyekt. The design was decided to refuse to perform under extreme form svyazevyye monolithic beam. Therefore poetazhno opirayemyye external walls are made simultaneously with the erection of frame and top of the wall within the time span is bottom formwork svyazevoho CROSS-BAR. In order to load from the floors vyscherozmischenyh not peredavalosya those which runs below before concreting CROSS-BAR on top of the wall melting conclude cushion. The work on concrete projects suddenly opens new additional space-planning and constructive frame of possibilities mVb-01. Usually, frame systems, combined with the column header in the level of overlap. In the framework developed in BELNIYIS, monolithic bolt may be based on the column at any mark. It's enough to predict the production string in place a hole in it. This decision allowed in the design of the garage in Moscow to combine inbound and outbound ramps to relieve the area for additional parking device. The design is open-garage parking in the area Komarovsky market in Minsk, the possibility that the CROSS-BAR based on the columns with some bias, which creates a difference marks opirayemyh end bolt, allowed to renounce the use of cement collection, which is usually used for promoting a flow atmospheric water gradient in the device floors. Currently experts "BELNI IS" started planning by frame mVb-01 twelve-shistnadtsyatypoverhovoho building in Minsk, pyati-seven-nine-apartment building in Mozyr, five-floor apartment building in Smolensk and Kursk in nine, that might lead to the emergence of several new system enhancements used. By the end of 1998 according to the task Minstroyarhytektury RB institutions "BELNIYIS" and "Belproyekt jointly complete the development model based on a series of prefabricated monolithic frame of mVb-01 for all design and construction organizations of the Republic, which will take into account all the aforementioned science and technology news . By Sergei Zolotov